Analysis of Fire Patterns of Flammable Liquids for Oil Flow Tests of Compartment Fires with Reduced Simulation

Hi-Su, Joe; Chung-Seog, Choi

doi:2014.28.3.43

Int J Fire Sci Eng > Volume 28(3); 2014 > Article

Fire Science and Engineering 2014;28(3):43-48.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7731/KIFSE.2014.28.3.043 Published online June 30, 2014.

축소 모의된 구획 화재의 흘림 실험에 대한 인화성 액체의 화재 패턴 해석

조희수, 최충석

¹전주대학교 소방안전공학과
²전주대학교 소방안전공학과

Analysis of Fire Patterns of Flammable Liquids for Oil Flow Tests of Compartment Fires with Reduced Simulation

Joe Hi-Su, Choi Chung-Seog

¹Dept. of Fire Safety Engineering, Jeonju University
²Dept. of Fire Safety Engineering, Jeonju University

요약

본 연구는 구획된 공간에 인화성 단일 물질을 채우고 착화된 화염의 전파 속도, 방사 범위, 확산 패턴 및 연소 완료 시간 등을 해석하는 데 있다. 화염의 전파 속도는 등유가 0.2 s로 가장 빠르고, 알코올이 82.1 s로 가장 늦었다. 화염이 착화된 후 화염이 가장 빠르게 최성기에 도달한 것은 시너이었고 19.0 s가 걸렸다. 그리고 가장 늦은 것은 알코올로 138.6 s로 측정되었다. 인화성 액체 200 ml가 연소 완료되는 시간은 시너가 79.9 s로 가장 짧았고, 가솔린 135 s, 등유 170 s, 경유 231.4 s, 알코올 337.0 s 등으로 측정되었다. 그리고 인화성 액체가 연소될 때 화염의 하단 부분은 층류 패턴이 지배하였고, 상단 부분은 난류 패턴을 나타냈다. 대두유의 실험에서 착화시킨 화원을 제거하면 화염은 자연 소화되어 연소가 진행되지 않았고, 불완전 연소에 따른 흰색의 연기가 발생하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the flame propagation speed, radiation range, diffusion pattern and combustion completion time of a fire by filling a divided space with single combustible substance. It was found that the flame propagation speed was the fastest (0.2 s) for kerosene and the lowest (82.1 s) for alcohol. In the case of paint thinner, it took 19.0 s for the flame to reach its peak at the fastest speed after ignition while in the case of alcohol, it took 138.6 s for the flame to reach its peak at the lowest speed. In the case of the combustion of 200 ml of flammable liquids, the combustion completion time was 79.9 s for paint thinner, which is the shortest, 135 s for gasoline, 170 s for kerosene, 231.4 s for diesel and 337.0 s for alcohol. In addition, when flammable liquids are combusted, the lower part of the flame is governed by laminar flow pattern and the upper part of the flame showed turbulence pattern. In the case of a test performed for bean oil, it could be seen that if the fire source was removed, the flame was automatically extinguished without further combustion and that white smoke was generated due to incomplete combustion.

Key Words: Fire patterns, Flammable liquids, Oil flow tests, Flame propagation speed, Diffusion pattern