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Int J Fire Sci Eng > Volume 32(5); 2018 > Article
Fire Science and Engineering 2018;32(5):87-94.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7731/KIFSE.2018.32.5.087    Published online October 31, 2018.
대규모 재난대비를 위한 의용소방대 활용방안과 시사점
최준호, 최충익
1강원대학교 행정학과
2강원대학교 행정학과
Applications of Volunteer Fire Fighters against Great Disasters and its Implications
Choi Junho, Choi Choongik
1Dept. of Public Administration, Kangwon National University
2Dept. of Public Administration, Kangwon National University
요약
본 연구는 대규모 재난대비를 위해서 지역사회 기반 재난관리의 선도적 역할을 수행해야 하는 의용소방대에 대해 살펴보고 개선방안을 도출하고 있다. 이를 위해 법제도적 미비, 방재인프라 부족 등 현재 우리의 모습과 유사했던 1995년 일본의 고베대지진을 통해 대규모 재난의 특징을 살펴보았다. 아울러 이러한 재난의 대응에 있어 우리나라 의용소방대가 가지고 있는 문제점을 검토하고 2011년 동일본대지진 이후 추진 중인 일본 소방단의 개선방안을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 우리나라 의용소방대는 대규모 재난에 대응하기에는 역할, 대응능력, 지원체계 등이 아직은 미흡하며, 일본은 이러한 문제를 '핵심업무의 배분', '공동체적 재난대응', '중앙 및 지자체와의 상호 협력' 등의 관점으로 개선하고 있는 것이 주요한 특징으로 나타났다.
Abstract
This study examined the role of volunteer fire fighters in coping with great disasters in terms of community-based disaster management to provide some implications from a qualitative comparative case study between Korea and Japan. Kobe, which suffered from the Great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake in 1995, was the study area. The city experienced an inadequate institutional system and lack of disaster management infrastructure at the time before the disaster. The study indicates that Korea volunteer fire fighters are not prepared sufficiently to tackle great disasters in terms of the supporting system, capacity and role by analyzing improvement plans of Japanese Volunteer Fire Fighters after Great East Japan earthquake in 2011. The results of the case study suggests improvements in the disaster management system to provide cooperation between the central government and local government, core task distribution, and community-based disaster management.
Key Words: Volunteer fire fighters, Core task distribution, Community based disaster management, Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, Great East Japan Earthquake
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